2024 South African general election

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2024 South African general election
South Africa
← 2019 29 May 2024 2029 →

All 400 seats in the National Assembly
201 seats needed for a majority
Turnout58.64% (Decrease 7.41pp)
Party Leader % Seats +/–
ANC Cyril Ramaphosa 40.18 159 −71
DA John Steenhuisen 21.81 87 +3
MK Jacob Zuma[a] 14.58 58 New
EFF Julius Malema 9.52 39 −5
IFP Velenkosini Hlabisa 3.85 17 +3
PA Gayton McKenzie 2.06 9 +9
VF+ Pieter Groenewald 1.36 6 −4
ActionSA Herman Mashaba 1.20 6 New
ACDP Kenneth Meshoe 0.60 3 −1
UDM Bantu Holomisa 0.49 3 +1
RISE Songezo Zibi 0.42 2 New
BOSA Mmusi Maimane 0.41 2 New
ATM Vuyolwethu Zungula 0.40 2 0
Al Jama-ah Ganief Hendricks 0.24 2 +1
NCC Fadiel Adams 0.23 2 +2
PAC Mzwanele Nyhontso 0.23 1 0
UAT Wonder Mahlatsi 0.22 1 New
Good Patricia de Lille 0.18 1 −1
This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.
Results per region
President before
Cyril Ramaphosa
ANC

General elections were held in South Africa on 29 May 2024 to elect a new National Assembly as well as the provincial legislature in each of the nine provinces.[1][2] This was the seventh general election held under the conditions of universal adult suffrage since the end of the apartheid era in 1994. The new National Council of Provinces (NCOP) will be elected at the first sitting of each provincial legislature.

The election is notable for the decline in support for the African National Congress (ANC) which lost the parliamentary majority that it has held since the inaugural post-apartheid election in 1994, and the rise of uMkhonto we Sizwe (MK) led by former president Jacob Zuma, which came in third place.[3]

Background

The election date of 29 May 2024 was declared by the incumbent president Cyril Ramaphosa on 20 February.[4][5]

Going into the election, polls showed that support for the ANC was declining significantly, leading to expectations of a hung parliament.[6] In the 2021 South African municipal elections, the African National Congress received less than 50% of the total vote for the first time since the end of apartheid'[7] also losing support in the key metros of Tshwane (Pretoria), Johannesburg, Ekurhuleni, and eThekwini (Durban). The ANC retained control of eThekwini while the Democratic Alliance managed to take control of Johannesburg and Ekurhuleni through a majority coalition and a minority coalition respectively, in addition to forming a majority coalition government in Tshwane, which it had governed since 2016.[8]

In early 2023, the ANC and Economic Freedom Fighters formed a coalition in Johannesburg and Ekurhuleni where the two parties held MMC positions whilst electing a mayor from a minority party.[9] In April 2023, noting the prospects of an ANC/EFF national coalition, the DA leader John Steenhuisen called for "like-minded" parties to join together to prevent a "doomsday coalition".[10]

uMkhonto we Sizwe

On 16 December 2023, former president Jacob Zuma announced his departure from the ANC, accusing the party and incumbent president Cyril Ramaphosa of serving as a "proxy for white monopoly capital." He was also noted as calling the ANC "sellouts" and "Apartheid collaborators" He also announced establishment of his own political party, uMkhonto we Sizwe (MK), named after the apartheid-era military wing of the ANC.[11] The latter filed a lawsuit against the MK's registration in the Electoral Commission of South Africa, which was dismissed by the Electoral Court of South Africa on 26 March 2024 due to lack of merit. The ANC also plans to file a lawsuit against the party's naming after the historic MK.[12] According to opinion polling, MK could become the kingmakers after the elections.[13]

On 28 March 2024, the Electoral Commission barred Zuma from standing in the election, citing a previous criminal conviction.[14] MK appealed the ruling,[15] with Zuma's lawyers arguing that the conviction was of a civil nature, and the decision was overturned by the Electoral Court on 9 April,[16] permitting Zuma to stand.[17] On 12 April, the Electoral Commission announced that it would approach the Constitutional Court for clarity on section 47(1)(e) of the constitution, the provision used to uphold the initial objection against Zuma.[18] On 30 April, police launched an investigation into whether the MK had forged signatures in order to be able to register for the election.[19] On 20 May, Zuma was ruled ineligible to stand for the election by the Constitutional Court, citing his criminal conviction.[20] He was still allowed to campaign for MK[21] and his name was retained on the ballot as party leader.[22]

Multi-Party Charter

A pre-election agreement called the Multi-Party Charter was signed between the Democratic Alliance (DA), Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP), Freedom Front Plus (FF Plus), ActionSA and three other parties with the aim of presenting a united front against the three-decade rule of the African National Congress (ANC) party and the rise of the Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF), uMkhonto we Sizwe (MK Party) and Patriotic Alliance (PA).[23][24][25] The Spectrum National Party, Ekhethu People's Party and Unemployed National Party[26] joined the MPC but failed to meet the Independent Electoral Commission's minimum number of signatures required to contest seats in the National Assembly.[27] On 7 October 2023, the African Christian Democratic Party (ACDP) joined the charter. Going into the election, the MPC members represented 112 of the 400 seats in the National Assembly.[28]

Voter turnout

Voter turnout has been decreasing since the end of Apartheid, when 86% of eligible voters turned out.[29] For this election, 27 million people were eligible to vote.[30] Fifty-five percent of them were women, while voter registration was highest among those aged between 30 to 39 years old.[31] Only 58% of the country's registered voters voted in the election.

Electoral system

South Africa has a parliamentary system of government. The president of South Africa is unusual among heads of state of countries with a parliamentary system in that the head of government, who holds executive powers, is titled president and also plays the ceremonial role of head of state.

In June 2020, the Constitutional Court ruled in New Nation Movement NPC v President of the Republic of South Africa that the Electoral Act was unconstitutional to the extent that it did not allow independents to contest national and provincial elections.[32] Since the first elections held under universal suffrage, 400 members elected were elected to the National Assembly by a system of proportional representation with a closed list approach. Two hundred members were elected from national party lists, while the other 200 were elected from provincial party lists in each of the nine provinces. The national list seats were awarded by subtracting seats won at the provincial level from each party's national allocation to generate a maximally proportional result. The Droop quota variant of the largest remainder method was used to allocate seats at both the national and provincial levels.[33] Provincial legislatures were also elected by a system of proportional representation with closed party lists.

In February 2021, home affairs minister Aaron Motsoaledi appointed a ministerial advisory committee led by Valli Moosa to recommend a new electoral system.[34] While the committee was divided, a slim majority of members favoured a hybrid mixed-member proportional system, with half of the seats elected in constituencies and the other half elected through party lists.[35]

Regional ballot

The regional ballot is one of the three ballots used in South Africa's national elections, alongside the national ballot and provincial ballot. It is used to elect representatives to the National Assembly from each of the country's nine provinces. The regional ballot is proportional, meaning that seats are allocated to parties and independent candidates based on the number of votes received.[36]

National Assembly regional seats:[37]

Region Seats
Eastern Cape 25
Free State 11
Gauteng 48
KwaZulu-Natal 41
Limpopo 19
Mpumalanga 15
North West 13
Northern Cape 5
Western Cape 23
Total 200

Election of the National Assembly and provincial legislatures

On 17 April 2023, president Cyril Ramaphosa signed the South African Electoral Amendment Bill into law allowing independent candidates to stand for election to the National Assembly and provincial legislatures while keeping proportional representation with closed lists. Two hundred members will be elected from national party lists, while the remaining 200 seats will be contested by political parties and independent candidates in each of the nine provinces. In provincial legislatures, the single-tier multimember proportional system will continue to apply, with political parties and independent candidates contesting for seats. Voters will receive three ballot papers as opposed to two in previous elections; the first ballot will be to elect the 200 members of the National Assembly only contested by political parties; the second ballot will be to elect the remaining 200 members of the National Assembly, which will be contested by political parties and independent candidates in each of the nine provinces; and the third ballot will be to elect members of the provincial legislatures with political parties and independent candidates as well.[38]

Election of the president and premiers

Following the election, the president of South Africa will be elected by the National Assembly. Although the president is required to be a member of the National Assembly at the time of election, a person who is elected as president must resign their seat in order to assume office.[39] The premiers of each province will also be elected by the respective provincial legislatures after the election.[33]

NCOP elections

The National Council of Provinces (NCOP) comprises 90 members, ten of whom are elected by each of the provincial legislatures in proportion to the composition of the legislature. The NCOP members will be sworn in the day after the first sitting of the National Assembly.[33]

Parties and candidates

The election saw 70 political parties register, the highest number for a general election in South Africa. It is also the first general election to allow independent candidates to run for the National Assembly.[30]

Preliminary candidate lists

On 26 March 2024, the Independent Electoral Commission published the preliminary candidate lists, listing the following fifty-two parties as having national candidates (as opposed to regional and provincial):[40] #Hope4SA, Abantu Batho Congress, Able Leadership, Action Alliance Development Party, ActionSA, Africa Africans Reclaim, African Christian Democratic Party, African Congress for Transformation, African Content Movement, African Heart Congress, African Independent Congress, African Movement Congress, African National Congress, African People's Convention, African People's Movement, African Transformation Movement, Al Jama-ah, All Citizens Party, Alliance of Citizens for Change, Allied Movement for Change (AM4C), Azanian People's Organisation, Build One South Africa with Mmusi Maimane, Citizans, Congress of the People, Conservatives in Action, Democratic Alliance, Democratic Liberal Congress, Economic Freedom Fighters, Economic Liberators Forum South Africa, Forum 4 Service Delivery, Free Democrats, Good, Independent South African National Civic Organisation, Inkatha Freedom Party, National Coloured Congress, National Freedom Party, Northern Cape Communities Movement, Organic Humanity Movement, Pan Africanist Congress of Azania, Patriotic Alliance, People's Movement for Change, Referendum Party, Rise Mzansi, Sizwe Ummah Nation, South African Rainbow Alliance, South African Royal Kingdoms Organization, uMkhonto weSizwe, United Africans Transformation, United Democratic Movement, United Independent Movement, Vryheidsfront Plus, and Xiluva.

Final candidate lists and independent candidates

On 10 April 2024, the Independent Electoral Commission published the final candidate lists, again listing fifty-two parties as having national compensatory candidates (as opposed to national regional and provincial). The Independent South African National Civic Organisation no longer appeared on the list, whereas the Africa Restoration Alliance was added.[41] Six independent candidates appeared on the national regional lists, namely Zackie Achmat, Louis Liebenberg, Anele Mda, Lovemore N'dou, Ntakadzeni Phathela, and Lehlohonolo Ramoba.[42]

Campaign issues

Healthcare

On 15 May 2024, two weeks before the election, president Ramaphosa signed the National Health Insurance (NHI) Act into law, establishing a National Health Insurance state fund to provide more South Africans access to private healthcare.[43] The goal of the bill is to eventually phase out the use of private healthcare, replacing it with the NHI as the sole purchaser and provider of health insurance. The DA is staunchly opposed to the bill on the premise that it could lead to large tax increases and corruption by ANC "cadre deployment," and have promised to challenge it in court.[44][45]

The bill has been controversial because it would limit the ability for people to take out private health insurance to cover medical costs. Additionally, the government has not released official statistics regarding how much the NHI program would cost, raising concerns it could exacerbate South Africa's ongoing troubles providing public services such as electricity and water.[44][45]

Illegal immigration

South Africa has been facing many challenges including deteriorating infrastructure in crucial sectors like power and water, alongside persistently high levels of unemployment and crime.[46] The general public has pointed fingers at Illegal immigration, attributing the nation's woes to the presence of illegal migrants.[47] Meanwhile, other voices within the political sphere, such as ActionSA, IFP, ATM and PA,[48] call for tighter border controls in response to the perceived strain caused by undocumented migrants on public services and resources.[49][50][51]

Corruption

The Judicial Commission of Inquiry into Allegations of State Capture, known colloquially as the Zondo Commission, completed its work and submitted its final report to the president in June 2022.[52] The Commission cost the South African taxpayer "almost R1 billion".[53] Investigator Paul Holden of Shadow World Investigations read into evidence that state capture cost the South African economy at least R49 billion.[54]

In their 2024 election manifesto, the African National Congress claims that, as per the Zondo Commission's recommendations, "laws, institutions and practices are being put in place to reduce the potential for corruption of any sort and on any scale".[55] The Democratic Alliance puts the blame for corruption and state capture squarely on the shoulders of the ANC, saying that it will "establish a genuinely independent anti-crime and anti-corruption unit by dissolving the Hawks and establishing a new Chapter 9 institution, an Anti-Corruption Commission, which will only be accountable to the Parliament of South Africa."[56] The Economic Freedom Fighters proposes to amend the Constitution to "make the National Prosecuting Authority a Chapter 9 institution accountable to Parliament".[57]

The ANC was also criticized for provisionally including four ministers (Zizi Kodwa, Malusi Gigaba, David Mahlobo, and Gwede Mantashe) who were implicated in a corruption investigation into the administration of former president Jacob Zuma on 11 March, pending the final results of an intraparty review. Fourteen other officials were either disqualified or not listed as candidates by the ANC over the same issue.[58]

Land reform

The ANC's proposed amendment of section 25 of the constitution of South Africa failed in the Parliament of South Africa, by a vote of 204 MPs in favour, 145 MPs against and 0 abstentions.[59] The bill required a two-thirds majority. The constitutionality of the amendment was also questioned by civil society organisations.[60][61] The ANC maintains that expropriation without compensation is necessary, as does the EFF.[62] The DA and Freedom Front Plus, ACDP and IFP remain opposed to the ANC's renewed attempt at expropriation through the Expropriation Amendment Bill.[63][64]

Moves towards expropriation without compensation are largely framed as solutions to racial injustice. In fact, many members of pro-expropriation parties view the policy as fulfilling Nelson Mandela's promise to return 30% of South Africa's land to black people.[65] The issue of racial justice becomes particularly salient when looking at disparities in agricultural production and environmental harms, with the majority of land in South Africa being owned by white people. Reports from the South African government indicate that whites own 72% of total farms of agricultural holdings.[66] This means that black South Africans are generally only responsible for between 5 and 10% of the country's agricultural output.[67]

The different parties have radically different positions on this issue. The ANC sees the current policy as a continuation of Nelson Mandela's promise. The policy (returning 30% of the land to black South Africans) has obviously been unsuccessful thus far. Currently, the ANC hopes to accomplish the goal by 2030.[68] In their election manifesto, the ANC claims that they will "accelerate land reform and redistribution to reduce asset inequality and protect security of tenure, improve food security and agricultural production, promote rural and urban development and enable greater access to housing."[69] This type of rhetoric and argumentation appears repeatedly throughout the manifesto. To the ANC, it is clear that expropriation is a matter of multi-faceted racial justice. Similarly to the energy crisis, there is certainly an environmental aspect, as agricultural inequalities become particularly salient in the debate.

The EFF shares a similar stance to that of the ANC. In their manifesto, the EFF outlines seven pillars on which they are basing their policies. The first is explicitly in favor of expropriation, reading "expropriation of South Africa's land without compensation for equal redistribution in use."[70] This stance makes sense given the parties Marxist and black nationalist ideology. On the issue of expropriation, the EFF and ANC are mostly unified. In fact, the EFF has often led the charge on expropriation, becoming one of the cause's biggest supporters. Julius Malema, leader of the EFF, asserted that "when we say economic freedom, we mean Black people own productive farms."[71]

Oppositely, the DA does not support the policy of expropriation without compensation. The party sees attempts at expropriation as violating section 25 of the Constitution. Furthermore, when the ANC and other parties have attempted to amend the constitution to be more amenable to their proposals, the DA has stood in staunch opposition. The party has called attempts to pass expropriation legislation "ruinous," an "assault on our constitutional values," and "archaic."[72]

Energy crisis

Rolling blackouts, or "loadshedding", caused by problems with the state utility Eskom have been occurring since 2007, however the prevalence of blackouts has increased substantially since 2020.[73] There is general dissatisfaction with the ANC's handling of the blackouts, as "a poll from last May found that 24% of voters who had previously backed the ANC planned to take their votes elsewhere if load shedding... is not resolved." That being said, the issue will likely continue to be salient well after the election, as any government, new or incumbent, will have limited tools to combat the issue.[74]

The parties have taken varying stances on the issue. The ANC has pledged to create 12.5 million new jobs, a large portion of which will be devoted to a clean energy transition and modernisation of the nation's electrical system. The ANC has also linked the blackouts and energy crisis to environmental justice and climate change, claiming that its energy transition platform is also part of a larger transition to a cleaner economy.[75] According to the ANC's election manifesto, the party pledges to "cultivate partnerships to expand domestic industries with significant potential to create sustainable jobs... such as energy."[69] Additionally, the party views a clean energy transition as essential in solving the energy crisis. Part of this transition is moving away from the coal-based electrical grid that is currently facing loadshedding.[76] That being said, the ANC has shown historical resistance to transitioning to new energy sources (ie. renewables).[77] Much of this has to do with concerns about the cost of the transition, as well as the ability for Eskom to carry out a transition effectively.

The DA largely blames the ANC for Africa's energy crisis, saying that the state uses an "outdated" model of control and regulation. The DA intends to reduce government control over the energy sector if it is able to form a government. Using the Western Cape as a case study, the DA says it has a successful platform for energy solutions. They argue that recent contracts to build new solar plants in the area are indicative of this.[78] Much of their energy platform has to do with deregulation and reducing taxes on private entities.[79]

Other smaller parties take a range of stances on the energy crisis. The EFF, for instance, takes a more Marxist and black nationalist approach to the issue. The party calls for the end of the privatization of Eskom. The EFF overtly links the issue to both racial and environmental justice. In line with their black nationalist perspectives, the party calls for the involvement of the private sector in new electricity generation (not the privatisation of Eskom), hoping to shift control to the "majority of black people."[70]

All this withstanding, the energy crisis has undoubtedly become a salient issue due to its wide-ranging impacts. The loadshedding affects both rural and urban areas. In rural areas, the blackouts have led to large issues in agricultural production. For instance, if a farm is reliant on electricity-powered irrigation pumps, then production capacity is greatly limited by blackouts. In urban areas, the blackouts necessitate the use of diesel generators, which increases air pollution.[80] Additionally, the rolling blackouts lead to the continued use of coal in electricity plants. When generation capacity is low, it creates "grounds to keep coal-fired units running with emissions above the license limits."[81] Back to the environmental impact on rural areas, loadshedding reduces the capacity of large agricultural enterprises. This increases sustenance farming practices without any significant reduction in agribusiness. This creates a potential for deforestation.[82] The parties are attempting to navigate a transition to cleaner sources of energy. South Africa's power grid is largely dependent on aging coal infrastructure, which is becoming increasingly ineffective and environmentally toxic.[83]

Crime

According to the South African Police Service Crime Statistics for Quarter 2 of the 2023-24 financial year, reported contact crimes (defined by SAPS as "crimes against the person") has increased by 3 391 (2.1%) compared to the previous year.[84] Recorded attempted murder illustrated the highest increase year-on-year, with 12.3%.[84] Total contact crimes reported for the quarter are 165,909. The murder rate correlates to 77 people murdered per day, while 160 cases of assault with intent to do grievous bodily harm are reported over the same period.[85] In context of the election, political violence is reportedly on the rise, especially in KwaZulu-Natal.[86]

Crime Statistics for Quarter 3 of the 2023-24 financial year show an increase of 3.8% compared to the previous year.[87] Attempted murder once again illustrated the highest increase year-on-year, with 13%. Total contact crimes reported for the quarter are 190,973. The murder rate correlates to 86 people per day and 88 attempts at murder. Assault with the attempt to do grievous bodily harm (Assault GBH) correlates to 595 incidents per day.[88]

Action Society notes that "if the current murder trend continues, at least 31 000 people will be killed in the next 12 months...the [South African Government] has lost control..."[88]

Devolution of policing

Over the last term of government, the devolution of policing power has become a key issue between the Western Cape Government and the Minister of Police, Bheki Cele.[89] The Western Cape Government argues that the Minister has the power to devolve policing, but the Minister denies having the power of devolution, saying that "the centralisation of the SAPS [is] in line with the Department [of Police's] constitutional mandate to prevent, combat and investigate crime..."[90] Section 205 of the Constitution of South Africa sets out policing policy in South Africa, noting that the police service "must be structured to function in national [and] provincial...spheres of government."[91] The Constitution gives provincial executives the power to monitor police conduct within their respective provinces, as well as the responsibility for policing functions in three cases; namely Chapter 11 of the Constitution, assigned to provincial government in terms of national legislation and allocated to it in national policing policy.[91]

Housing

The lack of adequate housing has been a major issue.[92] According to a report from Parliament, dated May 2022, the human settlements sector had a total of 3.4 million housing units built since 1994. The respective provinces and municipalities delivered a separate 1.3 million "serviced sites".[93] A parliamentary question to the Minister of Human Settlements revealed there were 2,456,773 households registered on the National Housing Needs Register as of February 2023.[94] In the City of Cape Town, there were 375,150 on the municipalities' Housing Needs Register.[95]

In answer to a Parliamentary question to the Minister of Human Settlements on 24 March 2024, she stated that her Department had built 245,587 houses in the five years between January 2019 and January 2024.[96]

Cadre deployment

The ANC has practised a policy of employing people who are loyal to the ANC to positions within institutions of government. The Zondo Commission has found that cadre deployment played a significant part in corruption and went as far as to say that it is "illegal and unconstitutional".[97]

On 12 February 2024, the Constitutional Court ruled that the ANC had five days to hand over their cadre deployment records to the Democratic Alliance dating back to 1 January 2013.[98] Documents released by the DA so far contain a sworn affidavit from Thapelo Masilela, a Strategic Support Manager in the Office of the ANC Deputy Secretary General's Office which states that a laptop containing information in relation to the Deployment Committee had "crashed and...data which was stored on that hard drive had been lost".[99] DA Federal Leader, John Steenhuisen responded in a press briefing on 23 February 2024 saying "the missing laptops, the missing minutes, President's Cyril Ramaphosa WhatsApp's from his own personal devices are simply incongruent with the way in which the modern world works",[100] showing that the party does not believe that the ANC has entirely complied with the order of the Constitutional Court.

Foreign policy

Cyril Ramaphosa said that South Africa v. Israel at the International Court of Justice (ICJ) may lead to foreign interference in the general election.[101][102]

The African Growth & Opportunity Act

South Africa's links to Russia and China, through military co-operation[103] and potential co-operation with Iran[104] has placed the country in danger of losing its preferential access to the U.S. market through the African Growth and Opportunity Act, with multiple members of the U.S. Congress raising concern with South Africa's alleged threats to U.S. interests, the most high-ranking member being Senator Jim Risch, the Ranking Member of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee.[105][104] In response, the Leader of the Opposition, John Steenhuisen led a delegation arguing that "the ANC is not South Africa" in an effort to lessen the risk of a possible removal from AGOA.[105] Later, the Western Cape Premier, Alan Winde and a Western Cape Government delegation also made a trip to the United States to detail the possible impact that a loss would have on the agricultural industry in the province.[106] The Leader of the Opposition in the Western Cape Provincial Parliament, Cameron Dugmore (ANC) accused the provincial government of wasting taxpayer's money, saying "this trip was about the DA’s desperation to secure support for the 2024 elections by creating a certain narrative about this matter".[107]

Cape independence

The Freedom Front Plus and the Referendum Party contested the election with Cape independence as part of their platform. The Referendum Party was formed in November 2023 as a single-issue political party aiming to pressure the Western Cape Democratic Alliance government into holding a referendum on Western Cape independence as part of any potential coalition agreement.[108] The Cape Independence Party, which had contested in 2009 and 2019, did not make it on to the national ballot or the Western Cape provincial ballot, while the Referendum Party made it on to all three.[109][110][111]

Highly contested provinces

Gauteng

Gauteng is the most populated province and is the de facto economic hub of South Africa. In 2019 the ANC had barely retained the province, getting 50.19% of the vote. The DA hoped to win Gauteng with Solly Msimanga as their premier candidate.[112] Funzi Ngobeni is ActionSA's premier candidate,[113] while the ANC's candidate is current premier, Panyaza Lesufi.

The ANC lost its majority in Gauteng, claiming under 37% of the vote, followed by the DA with just under 27%.

KwaZulu-Natal

KwaZulu-Natal is the second most populated province and is home to the busiest port in southern Africa. Recent polling has the new MK Party leading in the province, having grown substantially at the expense of ANC support. Christopher Pappas is the premier candidate for the DA, while Thami Ntuli is the IFP's candidate.[114][115] The ANC's premier candidate is Sbongiseni Duma. MK took 45.9% of the vote, leaving the ANC with only 17.6%, the DA not far behind.

Western Cape

As of April 2024, the Western Cape is the only province not to be controlled by the ANC. The DA, which has controlled the province since 2009, looked to retain the province with Premier Alan Winde as their premier candidate.[116]

The DA retained control of the Western Cape with a 53% majority.

Controversies

DA campaign video

In May 2024, the DA released a campaign video attacking the ANC and showing a South African flag on fire, saying that the same fate would befall the country should the ANC remain in power. The flag appears restored in the final seven seconds of the advert. DA leader John Steenhuisen described the video as "the most successful political advertisement in our democratic history," saying that it was seen by at least four million people online and heard by "millions more" in other media. President and ANC leader Cyril Ramaphosa called the ad "despicable" and "treasonous", while the public broadcaster SABC announced that it would not air the video, saying that it would only fuel "outrage", and called on the DA to amend the advert.[117][118] Several analysts and organisations have noted that, although in "poor taste", the burning of the flag is protected under Section 16 of the Constitution as a freedom of expression.[119]

The Complaints and Compliance Committee of the Independent Communications Authority of South Africa ruled on 24 May that the SABC be directed to desist from not airing the advert and pay a R500,000 fine within seven days.[120]

National Health Insurance

President Cyril Ramaphosa announced on 13 May that he would sign the controversial National Health Insurance Bill into law on 15 May.[121] Civil society organisations, including the South African Medical Association, Business Unity South Africa, Business Leadership South Africa, Solidariteit, the SA Institute of Race Relations and the South African Health Professionals Collaboration have expressed dissatisfaction at this announcement, some hinting at possible legal challenges to the legislation following the president's assent. [122][123][124][125] The DA announced that it had briefed its legal team to file court papers at the Constitutional Court on the matter.[126] ActionSA expressed its disappointment on the president's announcement, having previously urged the President not to sign the Bill.[127]

Jacob Zuma

Former President Jacob Zuma founded the uMkhonto we Sizwe (MK Party) in December 2023, intending to contest the election.[128] On 20 May 2024, the Constitutional Court of South Africa ruled that Zuma is ineligible to run in the parliamentary election due to his 2021 jail sentence.[129]

Presidential Address to the Nation

On 26 May, the Presidency announced that Cyril Ramaphosa would address the nation at 6pm.[130] In his address, broadcast by the SABC, he listed the achievements of his government. The address was criticised by opposition parties as an abuse of government resources for electioneering in favour of the ruling party.[131]

Opinion polls

LOESS curve of the polling for the 2024 South African general election
Polling Organisation Fieldwork Date Sample
Size
ANC DA MK EFF IFP VF+ ACDP ActionSA Others Don't
Know[b]
Lead
2024 general election 29 May 2024 40.2% 21.8% 14.6% 9.5% 3.9% 1.4% 0.6% 1.2% 6.8% 18.4
AtlasIntel 25–28 May 2024 2,308 38.5% 20.3% 14.7% 12.0% 2.5% 3.2% 0.8% 2.6% 5.4% 18.2
Social Research Foundation 27 May 2024 1,835 42.2% 21.6% 12.4% 10.8% 3.2% 9.8% 20.6
Social Research Foundation 23 May 2024 1,835 42.2% 24.4% 13.2% 9.3% 2.8% 8.1% 17.8
AFROBAROMETER 22 May 2024 1,800 36% 18% 13% 11% 22% 18
Social Research Foundation 13 May 2024 1,835 43.5% 24.2% 7.1% 9.4% 5.2% 10.6% 19.3
Social Research Foundation 6 May 2024 1,835 43.1% 24.8% 11.8% 7.8% 3.8% 8.7% 18.3
ENCA/Markdata May 2024 TBA 43.4% 18.6% 14.1% 11.4% 3.1% 1.3% 0.6 1.4% 6.1% 24.8
Social Research Foundation 29 April 2024 1,835 44.0% 25.0% 9.3% 9.4% 4.2% 8.1% 19
Social Research Foundation 22 April 2024 1,835 40.7% 26.0% 13.5% 7.0% 5.6% 7.2% 14.7
Social Research Foundation 15 April 2024 1,835 36.5% 31.2% 11.3% 7.1% 2.4% 11.5% 5.3
IPSOS 9 March – 15 April 2024 2,545 40.2% 21.9% 8.4% 11.5% 4.4% 1.8% 3.4% 8.4% 18.3
Social Research Foundation April 2024 1,835 37% 25% 13% 11% 5% 2% 2% 2% 3% 12
Brenthurst Foundation/SABI 12–28 February 2024 1,506 39% 27% 13% 10% 2% 2% 5% 12
ENCA/Markdata 19 January – 14 February 2024 3,022 41.4% 20% 10.9% 15.5% 4.3% 0.6% 0.5% 1.4% 5.4% 21.4
December 2023 uMkhonto we Sizwe (MK Party) splits from the ANC.
IPSOS 23 October – 1 December 2023 3,600 40.5% 20.5% 19.6% 4.9% 2.1% 1% 4.3% 7.1 20
IRR October 2023 604 46.5% 26.1% 11.6% 9.4% 20.4
Social Research Foundation October 2023 1,412 45% 31% 9% 6% 9% 14
7 October 2023 The ACDP joins the Multi-Party Charter. The charter now holds 112 out of the 400-seat National Assembly.
Brenthurst Foundation/SABI 11 September – 3 October 2023 1,500 41% 23% 17% 7% 2% 3% 4% 3% 18
17 July 2023 The Multi-Party Charter is signed between the DA, IFP, VF+, ActionSA and 3 other parties holding 108 of 400 National Assembly seats.
IPSOS & Inclusive Society Institute [132] 1 June – 20 July 2023 3,600 43% 20% 18% 5% 2% 1% 4% 7% 23
Social Research Foundation March 2023 1,517 45.9% 23.3% 8.4% 6.1% 2.2% 0.9% 3.1% 10.1% 22.6
IPSOS & Inclusive Society Institute [133] November 2022 – December 2022 < 3,600 49.9% 13.6% 12.7% 4.4% 4.1% 15.2% 36.3
IPSOS 26 October – 28 November 2022 3,513 45% 16% 13% 4% 22% 29
Brenthurst Foundation 27 October – 10 November 2022 1,000 47.6% 24% 10.7% 4% 12.2% 23.6
Rivonia Circle September – October 2022 2,000 41% 18% 15% 6% 7% 13% 23
Social Research Foundation July 2022 3,204 52% 25% 11% 5% 7% 27
50% 25% 12% 6% 7% 25
Inclusive Society Institute 14 May – 3 July 2022 3,459 50.76% 18.14% 13.12% 3.47% 5.22% 1.16% 3.49% 4.65% 32.62
IPSOS 42% 11% 9% 2% 2% 1% 3% 4% 26% 31
2021 municipal elections 1 November 2021 N/A 47.52% 19.84% 10.54% 6.27% 2.32% 0.71% 1.82% 6.76% 27.68
IPSOS 1 November 2021 N/A 43.4% 24.2% 14.8% 1.9% 1.6% 0.9% 3.7% 9.5% 31% 19.2
IPSOS July – September 2020 3,758 50% 16% 13% 2% 1% 2% 16% 34
IPSOS 20 September – 8 November 2019 3,600 55% 13% 8% 2% 1% 1% 3% 18% 42
2019 general election 8 May 2019 57.5% 20.8% 10.8% 3.4% 2.4% 0.8% 10.1% 36.7

Conduct

Early voting for overseas citizens was held in South African diplomatic missions on 17 and 18 May.[30][134] Early voting for domestic voters was held on 27 May, covering 1.6 million people including essential workers and about 624,000 people unable to leave their homes.[135] On election day, polling in more than 23,000 precincts[136] opened at 07:00 and closed at 21:00.[137] Three thousand SANDF soldiers were deployed to ensure security during the election, while the Independent Electoral Commission said two people were arrested for interfering with voting operations.[138] Julius Malema voted in Limpopo after queuing for three hours.[139] Counting was delayed in several precincts due to last-minute queues of voters,[140] with the last ballots being cast at around 03:00 on 30 May as electoral law allows those still lining up to vote at regular closing time to participate.[141] The African Union sent a mission led by former Kenyan president Uhuru Kenyatta to monitor the election.[142]

Results

National Assembly

The EFF's performance by region.
The MK's performance by region.

National ballot

PartyVotes%+/–Seats
NationalRegionalTotal+/-
African National Congress6,459,68340.18Decrease 17.327386159Decrease 71
Democratic Alliance[c]3,505,73521.81Increase 1.04424587Increase 3
uMkhonto weSizwe2,344,30914.58New312758New
Economic Freedom Fighters1,529,9619.52Decrease 1.28172239Decrease 5
Inkatha Freedom Party[c]618,2073.85Increase 0.478917Increase 3
Patriotic Alliance330,4252.06Increase 2.02549Increase 9
Freedom Front Plus[c]218,8501.36Decrease 1.02426Decrease 4
ActionSA[c]192,3731.20New426New
African Christian Democratic Party[c]96,5750.60Decrease 0.24303Decrease 1
United Democratic Movement78,4480.49Increase 0.04213Increase 1
Rise Mzansi67,9750.42New112New
Build One South Africa65,9120.41New202New
African Transformation Movement63,5540.40Decrease 0.04202Steady 0
Al Jama-ah39,0670.24Increase 0.06202Increase 1
National Coloured Congress37,4220.23New112New
Pan Africanist Congress of Azania36,7160.23Increase 0.04101Steady 0
United Africans Transformation35,6790.22New101New
GOOD29,5010.18Decrease 0.22101Decrease 1
Hope4SA27,2060.17New000New
Allied Movement for Change22,0550.14New000New
United Independent Movement[c]20,0030.12New000New
African Independent Congress19,9000.12Decrease 0.16000Steady 0
National Freedom Party19,3970.12Decrease 0.23000Decrease 2
Azanian People's Organisation19,0480.12Increase 0.05000Decrease 2
African Congress for Transformation18,3540.11New000New
African Heart Congress16,3060.10New000New
Congress of the People14,1770.09Decrease 0.18000Steady 0
African People's Convention13,1950.08Decrease 0.03000Steady 0
Africa Restoration Alliance11,1080.07New000New
Forum for Service Delivery11,0770.07Increase 0.03000Steady 0
Democratic Liberal Congress10,9040.07Increase 0.01000Steady 0
Alliance of Citizens for Change9,3360.06New000New
Action Alliance Development Party7,8020.05New000New
Conservatives in Action7,4240.05New000New
South African Royal Kingdoms Organisation6,6850.04New000New
Northern Cape Communities Movement6,6290.04New000New
People's Movement for Change5,5390.03New000New
Abantu Batho Congress5,5310.03New000New
Economic Liberators Forum5,4080.03New000New
Organic Humanity Movement5,2410.03New000New
African Content Movement5,1070.03Steady 0.00000Steady 0
Sizwe Ummah Nation5,0160.03New000New
South African Rainbow Alliance4,7960.03New000New
African People's Movement4,6010.03New000New
Able Leadership3,8670.02New000New
Referendum Party3,8340.02New000New
All Citizens Party3,6930.02New000New
Africa Africans Reclaim [af]3,3710.02New000New
Citizans2,9920.02New000New
Xiluva2,5920.02New000New
African Movement Congress2,1410.01New000New
Free Democrats1,9920.01Steady 0.00000
Total16,076,719100.00200200400
Valid votes16,076,71998.69
Invalid/blank votes213,4371.31
Total votes16,290,156100.00
Registered voters/turnout27,782,08158.64
Source: Electoral Commission of South Africa, IOL

Regional ballot

Nationwide

PartyVotes%
African National Congress6,231,51939.40
Democratic Alliance3,439,27221.75
uMkhonto weSizwe2,237,87714.15
Economic Freedom Fighters1,556,9659.85
Inkatha Freedom Party688,5704.35
Patriotic Alliance345,8802.19
Freedom Front Plus234,4771.48
ActionSA219,4771.39
African Christian Democratic Party93,5810.59
United Democratic Movement85,6180.54
Rise Mzansi70,1420.44
Build One South Africa69,0200.44
African Transformation Movement66,8310.42
Al Jama-ah53,3370.34
National Coloured Congress47,1780.30
Pan Africanist Congress of Azania40,7880.26
Good36,1030.23
United Africans Transformation32,1850.20
National Freedom Party22,7260.14
United Independent Movement18,9070.12
Azanian People's Organisation18,7410.12
Allied Movement for Change18,3930.12
Hope4SA16,8720.11
Congress of the People16,7680.11
African People's Convention14,6930.09
Africa Restoration Alliance12,6510.08
Alliance of Citizens for Change11,2170.07
Zackie Achmat (Independent)10,5680.07
South African Rainbow Alliance7,6450.05
Forum for Service Delivery7,4440.05
Economic Liberators Forum [af]7,1150.04
People's Movement for Change7,0450.04
Democratic Liberal Congress7,0220.04
Northern Cape Communities Movement [af]7,0160.04
Organic Humanity Movement [af]6,4570.04
Sizwe Ummah Nation4,8690.03
African Content Movement4,6170.03
Action Alliance Development Party [af]4,6000.03
Referendum Party4,2060.03
African People's Movement4,2000.03
Citizans [af]4,0840.03
African Independent Congress3,8330.02
African Heart Congress3,5790.02
Abantu Batho Congress3,5520.02
South African Royal Kingdoms Organization [af]3,1950.02
Able Leadership [af]3,1610.02
Africa Africans Reclaim [af]2,5650.02
Free Democrats2,2760.01
All Citizens Party [af]1,6440.01
African Movement Congress [af]1,5500.01
Xiluva1,1670.01
Conservatives in Action [af]1,1150.01
African Congress for Transformation3480.00
Total15,814,661100.00
Source: South African Electoral Comission

Eastern Cape

PartyVotes%+/–Seats+/–
African National Congress1,118,02862.38-6.8816–2
Democratic Alliance266,91914.89-0.1240
Economic Freedom Fighters182,80910.20+2.483+1
United Democratic Movement63,6063.55+1.2610
Patriotic Alliance42,3932.37+2.351+1
African Transformation Movement28,1151.57+0.1900
uMkhonto weSizwe26,2461.46New0
Pan Africanist Congress of Azania9,4960.53+0.1400
Freedom Front Plus9,2880.52-0.3600
ActionSA8,5880.48New0New
African Christian Democratic Party8,5290.48-0.0100
Rise Mzansi5,3840.30New00
Build One South Africa4,8520.27New00
Azanian People's Organisation2,8070.16+0.0900
Congress of the People2,1840.12-0.1200
Alliance of Citizens for Change1,9640.11New0New
African People's Convention1,9060.11+0.0100
GOOD1,6210.09-0.1300
Inkatha Freedom Party1,5190.08+0.0300
Al Jama-ah1,4580.08+0.0300
United Independent Movement1,3330.07New0New
Organic Humanity Movement5700.03New0New
Citizans4490.03New0New
Sizwe Ummah Nation3440.02New0New
Africa Restoration Alliance3210.02New0New
South African Rainbow Alliance3100.02New0New
Free Democrats2990.02+0.0100
Economic Liberators Forum2980.02New0New
People's Movement for Change2830.02New0New
Africa Africans Reclaim2330.01New0New
Total1,792,152100.0025
Valid votes1,792,152100.00
Invalid/blank votes00.00
Total votes1,792,152100.00
Registered voters/turnout3,439,32052.11
Source: Electoral Commission of South Africa
Free State
PartyVotes%Seats+/–
African National Congress433,80652.566–2
Democratic Alliance177,61521.523+1
Economic Freedom Fighters115,14713.952+1
Freedom Front Plus25,5443.100
uMkhonto weSizwe18,5152.240New
Patriotic Alliance11,8381.430
African Transformation Movement6,5910.800
ActionSA4,8230.580New
African Content Movement4,6170.56
African Christian Democratic Party3,4430.420
Build One South Africa3,2110.390New
Rise Mzansi2,4060.290New
#Hope4SA2,2310.270
Congress of the People1,9970.240
Pan Africanist Congress of Azania1,8140.220
Inkatha Freedom Party1,6860.200
United Africans Movement1,3420.160
Azanian People's Organisation1,3330.160
United Democratic Movement1,1700.140
United Independent Movement9150.110New
Alliance of Citizens for Change9040.110New
African People's Convention7040.090
South African Royal Kingdoms Organization5560.070New
Good5280.060
Abantu Batho Congress4190.050New
Louis Petrus Liebenberg3070.040New
Economic Liberators Forum3050.040New
Citizans2680.030New
Organic Humanity Movement2380.030
National Freedom Party2010.020
South African Rainbow Alliance1950.020New
Africa Restoration Alliance1850.020New
African Movement Congress1800.02New
Free Democrats1540.02
Sizwe Ummah Nation1040.01New
Total825,292100.0011
Valid votes825,29298.78
Invalid/blank votes10,2051.22
Total votes835,497100.00
Registered voters/turnout1,456,92757.35
Source: Electoral Commission of South Africa
Gauteng
PartyVotes%Seats+/–
African National Congress1,359,78534.5617–9
Democratic Alliance1,071,23927.2313+1
Economic Freedom Fighters508,48012.926–1
uMkhonto weSizwe384,5019.775New
ActionSA159,6684.062New
Freedom Front Plus97,2842.471–1
Patriotic Alliance83,8092.131+1
Rise Mzansi40,3381.031New
Inkatha Freedom Party36,1430.921
Build One South Africa34,8430.891New
African Christian Democratic Party29,4100.750
Al Jama-ah17,0460.430
Pan Africanist Congress of Azania13,0250.330
African Transformation Movement11,6970.300
#Hope4SA8,9560.230
United Africans Transformation8,9360.230
United Democratic Movement7,8310.200
United Independent Movement6,2280.160New
Good5,7730.150
Azanian People's Organisation4,6470.120
Allied Movement For Change4,5240.110New
African Independent Congress3,8440.100New
Anele Mda3,7260.090New
Congress of the People3,6020.090
African Heart Congress3,5920.090New
South African Rainbow Alliance2,7910.070New
African People's Convention2,5800.070
South African Royal Kingdom Organization2,1490.050New
Economic Liberators Forum2,0260.050New
Organic Humanity Movement1,7760.050
Alliance of Citizens for Change1,5130.040New
National Freedom Party1,4090.040
Africa Restoration Alliance1,3350.030New
Xiluva1,1800.030New
Conservatives in Action1,1230.030New
Louis Petrus Liebenberg1,1150.030New
Lehlohonolo Blessings Answer Ramoba1,1070.030New
Sizwe Ummah Nation1,0720.030New
Africa Africans Reclaim1,0410.030New
All Citizens Party9610.020New
Citizans8080.020New
Able Leadership7280.020New
People's Movement for Change6020.020New
Free Democrats4890.010
Total3,934,732100.0048
Valid votes3,934,73299.20
Invalid/blank votes31,8840.80
Total votes3,966,616100.00
Registered voters/turnout6,518,61160.85
Source: Electoral Commission of South Africa
Kwazulu-Natal
PartyVotes%Seats+/–
uMkhonto weSizwe1,574,20244.9119New
Inkatha Freedom Party640,68318.288+2
African National Congress603,45917.227–17
Democratic Alliance471,83013.466
Economic Freedom Fighters83,4652.381–3
National Freedom Party20,7160.590–1
African Christian Democratic Party11,5930.330
ActionSA10,4550.300New
Allied Movement for Change8,6760.250New
Patriotic Alliance7,5870.220
Al Jama-ah7,1270.200New
Democratic Liberal Congress7,0220.200New
African Transformation Movement6,5770.190
Freedom Front Plus5,6200.160
Build One South Africa4,8560.140New
African People’s Movement4,2010.120New
Rise Mzansi4,1520.12New
Pan Africanist Congress of Azania3,3380.100
Abantu Batho Congress3,1330.090New
GOOD2,8680.080
Azanian People’s Organisation2,8040.080
United Democratic Movement2,7960.080
Congress of the People2,3980.070New
South African Royal Kingdoms Organization2,1450.060New
United Independent Movement2,1140.060New
Alliance of Citizens for Change1,8280.050
Sizwe Ummah Nation1,4720.040New
African People's Convention1,4200.040
Citizans1,1610.030New
African Movement Congress1,1490.030New
Organic Humanity Movement1,0780.030New
Africa Restoration Alliance8400.020New
Economic Liberators Forum7210.020New
Africa Africans Reclaim6430.020New
People's Movement for Change5930.020New
Free Democrats4070.010New
Total3,505,129100.0041
Registered voters/turnout5,738,249
Source: Electoral Commission of South Africa
Limpopo
PartyVotes%+/–
African National Congress1,068,51874.01
Economic Freedom Fighters197,90313.71
Democratic Alliance84,1655.83
Freedom Front Plus16,1441.12
uMkhonto weSizwe12,3020.85New
United Africans Transformation11,7640.81New
ActionSA9,4410.65New
African Christian Democratic Party4,8020.33
Action Alliance Development Party4,6000.32New
Build One South Africa4,5040.31New
Pan Africanist Congress of Azania3,0740.21
Azanian People’s Organisation2,9330.20
African People's Convention2,7860.19New
Patriotic Alliance2,5340.18
Rise Mzansi2,1210.15New
Congress of the People2,0420.14
Able Leadership1,9510.14New
Economic Liberators Forum1,7990.12New
Lehlohonolo Ramoba1,5740.11New
Forum 4 Service Delivery1,4290.10New
African Transformation Movement1,2060.08
United Democratic Movement9510.07
Alliance of Citizens for Change9190.06New
Inkatha Freedom Party9020.06
All Citizens Party00.00
South African Rainbow Alliance6700.05New
United Independent Movement00.00New
Lovemore Nḓou5220.04New
Citizans3640.03New
Good3010.02
Ntakadzeni Faith Phathela2730.02New
Africa Restoration Alliance2550.02New
Al Jama-ah2430.02
Organic Humanity Movement2370.02New
Africa Africans Reclaim2010.01New
Sizwe Ummah Nation1380.01New
Free Democrats1280.01
People's Movement for Change1240.01New
Total1,443,820100.00
Valid votes1,443,82099.04
Invalid/blank votes13,9570.96
Total votes1,457,777100.00
Registered voters/turnout2,779,65752.44
Source: Electoral Commission of South Africa
Mpumalanga
PartyVotes%+/–
African National Congress585,81151.34
uMkhonto weSizwe191,86916.81New
Economic Freedom Fighters160,42514.06
Democratic Alliance136,57511.97
Freedom Front Plus18,1361.59-
ActionSA5,9900.52New
African Christian Democratic Party5,5870.49
United Africans Transformation5,3010.46New
Inkatha Freedom Party5,0140.44
African Transformation Movement4,9120.43
African People's Convention3,5510.31
Patriotic Alliance3,1530.28
Build One South Africa2,7620.24New
Rise Mzansi1,9930.17New
Azanian People's Organisation1,5480.14
Pan Africanist Congress of Azania1,4030.12
United Independent Movement1,3510.12New
Alliance of Citizens for Change00.00New
Congress of the People9220.08
United Democratic Movement00.00
Forum 4 Service Delivery6730.06New
Economic Liberators Forum5650.05
South African Rainbow Alliance5510.05New
Good4260.04
National Freedom Party4190.04
Citizans3930.03
People's Movement for Change3100.03
Organic Humanity Movement2960.03
Africa Restoration Alliance2630.02New
Sizwe Ummah Nation2520.02New
Able Leadership2420.02New
Africa Africans Reclaim2300.02New
Free Democrats1690.01
Total1,141,092100.00
Valid votes1,141,09298.88
Invalid/blank votes12,9341.12
Total votes1,154,026100.00
Registered voters/turnout2,022,28257.07
Source: Electoral Commission of South Africa
Northern Cape
PartyVotes%+/–
African National Congress195,53149.47
Democratic Alliance82,76720.94
Economic Freedom Fighters52,31413.23
Patriotic Alliance33,9948.60
Freedom Front Plus7,6501.94-
Northern Cape Communities Movement7,0161.77New
uMkhonto weSizwe3,0050.76New
ActionSA2,0270.51New
GOOD1,8700.47
#Hope4SA1,6720.42New
African Christian Democratic Party1,4340.36New
Build One South Africa9060.23New
Congress of the People7850.20
Pan Africanist Congress of Azania6140.16
Azanian People's Organisation6020.15
Rise Mzansi5980.15New
African Transformation Movement4120.10
Africa Restoration Alliance3970.10New
Inkatha Freedom Party2680.07
United Independent Movement2600.07New
Alliance of Citizens for Change2220.06New
People's Movement for Change1670.04New
United Democratic Movement1530.04
South African Royal Kingdoms Organization1360.03New
South African Rainbow Alliance1230.03New
Organic Humanity Movement890.02New
Citizans850.02New
Economic Liberators Forum680.02New
Sizwe Ummah Nation670.02New
Free Democrats430.01
Total395,275100.00
Valid votes395,27598.89
Invalid/blank votes4,4241.11
Total votes399,699100.00
Registered voters/turnout656,82660.85
Source: Electoral Commission of South Africa
North West
PartyVotes%
African National Congress515,83158.31
Economic Freedom Fighters153,49717.35
Democratic Alliance114,60812.95
Freedom Front Plus24,1672.73
uMkhonto weSizwe18,1652.05
ActionSA13,8471.57
Patriotic Alliance8,0590.91
Forum 4 Service Delivery5,3440.60
United Africans Transformation4,6420.52
Build One South Africa3,8290.43
African Christian Democratic Party3,7660.43
Rise Mzansi3,1700.36
United Democratic Movement2,1190.24
African Transformation Movement1,3640.15
Pan Africanist Congress of Azania1,3240.15
Azanian People’s Organisation1,3090.15
Congress of the People1,2670.14
Inkatha Freedom Party1,2040.14
Economic Liberators Forum1,0900.12
United Independent Movement7760.09
Al Jama-ah7450.08
African People's Convention6910.08
Alliance of Citizens for Change6520.07
Africa Restoration Alliance4720.05
Good4660.05
Sizwe Ummah Nation3950.04
South African Royal Kingdoms Organization3650.04
South African Rainbow Alliance3230.04
Citizans2480.03
Organic Humanity Movement2310.03
Africa Africans Reclaim2260.03
African Movement Congress2210.02
Free Democrats1540.02
People's Movement for Change1290.01
Total884,696100.00
Valid votes884,69698.68
Invalid/blank votes11,8111.32
Total votes896,507100.00
Registered voters/turnout1,768,57650.69
Source: Electoral Commission of South Africa
Western Cape
PartyVotes%
Democratic Alliance1,048,38153.42
African National Congress388,39019.79
Patriotic Alliance153,9367.84
Economic Freedom Fighters105,8325.39
National Coloured Congress47,1882.40
Freedom Front Plus32,4401.65
Al Jama-ah26,7871.36
African Christian Democratic Party25,5881.30
Good22,4531.14
uMkhonto weSizwe11,7470.60
Zackie Achmat10,5760.54
Rise Mzansi10,2660.52
Build One South Africa9,7340.50
Africa Restoration Alliance8,5960.44
Pan Africanist Congress of Azania6,7510.34
United Democratic Movement6,5400.33
ActionSA6,0120.31
African Transformation Movement5,9340.30
Allied Movement for Change5,2140.27
United Independent Movement4,9400.25
People's Movement for Change4,9150.25
Referendum Party4,2060.21
#Hope4SA4,1080.21
Alliance of Citizens for Change2,2350.11
Organic Humanity Movement1,9600.10
Congress of the People1,5940.08
Inkatha Freedom Party1,5620.08
African People's Convention1,0580.05
Sizwe Ummah Nation1,0310.05
Azanian People's Organisation7800.04
South African Rainbow Alliance5440.03
Free Democrats4400.02
African Congress for Transformation3480.02
Citizans3130.02
Economic Liberators Forum2880.01
Total1,962,687100.00
Valid votes1,962,68799.29
Invalid/blank votes14,0370.71
Total votes1,976,724100.00
Registered voters/turnout3,311,59259.69
Source: Electoral Commission of South Africa

Provincial legislatures

Eastern Cape

Free State

PartyVotes%
African National Congress430,56551.94
Democratic Alliance181,14821.85
Economic Freedom Fighters111,73013.48
Freedom Front Plus24,9303.01
uMkhonto weSizwe15,9791.93
African Congress for Transformation15,1291.83
Patriotic Alliance11,7251.41
African Transformation Movement5,8700.71
ActionSA4,5100.54
African Content Movement4,4140.53
African Christian Democratic Party3,9760.48
Build One South Africa2,9250.35
Rise Mzansi2,3460.28
Pan Africanist Congress of Azania2,0210.24
Congress of the People1,8640.22
Inkatha Freedom Party1,5360.19
Arise South Africa1,4500.17
United Africans Transformation1,4070.17
Forum 4 Service Delivery1,1940.14
United Democratic Movement9910.12
African People's Convention6720.08
Sesing Johannes Ramotswabodi5770.07
Abantu Batho Congress5760.07
Good4850.06
All Citizens Party4690.06
National Freedom Party2480.03
African Movement Congress1800.02
Total828,917100.00
Valid votes828,91799.01
Invalid/blank votes8,2710.99
Total votes837,188100.00
Registered voters/turnout1,456,92757.46
Source: Electoral Commission of South Africa

Gauteng

Kwazulu-Natal

Limpopo

Mpumalanga

Northern Cape

PartyVotes%
African National Congress195,26749.34
Democratic Alliance83,84821.19
Economic Freedom Fighters52,43313.25
Patriotic Alliance34,1808.64
Freedom Front Plus7,2391.83
Northern Cape Communities Movement6,5471.65
uMkhonto weSizwe3,1110.79
ActionSA2,0150.51
Good1,8490.47
#Hope4SA1,7450.44
African Christian Democratic Party1,4980.38
Congress of the People1,0070.25
Build One South Africa9950.25
Pan Africanist Congress of Azania7010.18
Rise Mzansi6270.16
Africa Restoration Alliance4580.12
African Congress for Transformation4530.11
Arise South Africa4180.11
African Transformation Movement4120.10
Inkatha Freedom Party3030.08
People's Movement for Change1880.05
South African Royal Kingdoms Association1770.04
All Citizens Party1730.04
South African Youth Power Party1380.03
Total395,782100.00
Source: Electoral Commission of South Africa

North West

Western Cape

National Council of Provinces

Aftermath

Summary of results

The election resulted in a historic defeat for the ANC, which having received only 40% of the vote, lost the parliamentary majority that it held since 1994.[143][144] It also failed to secure a majority in Northern Cape and Gauteng, and was outpolled in KwaZulu-Natal by the MK and in overseas voting by the DA, which won 39,000 out of 75,000 votes cast and retained its majority in the Western Cape.[145] The ANC retained reduced majorities in Eastern Cape, Free State, Limpopo, Mpumalanga and North West and retained largest opposition status in Western Cape, while the DA retained its largest opposition status in the National Assembly. No overall majority was achieved in the National Assembly, nor in the provinces of KwaZulu-Natal, Gauteng or Northern Cape, with the MK achieving a plurality in KwaZulu-Natal and the ANC being forced into second-largest party status in KwaZulu-Natal for the first time since 1999. Most of the ANC's loss of support flowed into the MK, while the DA saw some gains, and the EFF lost some support.

Government formation

While counting was ongoing, the ANC said that its leadership would meet on 31 May to "reflect on what is good for the country." The DA's John Steenhuisen said that the results showed that South Africa was "heading into coalition country" and expressed a willingness to work alongside the ANC, adding that he would have to first consult with other signatories of the Multi-Party Charter.[146] The DA also said that a government composed of the ANC, the MK, and the EFF would be a "doomsday coalition" pursuing previous policy failures in the country. The EFF's Julius Malema said that the election results marked the end of the ANC's "entitlement of being the sole dominant party", adding that he was open to talks with the ANC on forming a coalition government. The Patriotic Alliance's Gayton McKenzie compared prospects of an ANC-DA coalition to "a marriage of two drunk people in Las Vegas" that would prove "unworkable".[147]

Gwede Mantashe, the ANC's national chair, said that the party had started to conduct informal talks with other parties for a possible coalition.[148] On 2 June, ANC secretary-general Fikile Mbalula announced the official opening of negotiations,[149] adding that the party had heard the popular will and was "humbled" by the election result. Mbalula also said that the ANC would reject conditions by other parties for Cyril Ramaphosa to step down as President.[150] In his first statement following the election later that day, Ramaphosa called on political parties to overcome their differences and find "common ground" in creating a coalition government.[151]

Separate coalition talks were expected to occur regarding the provincial governments of KwaZulu-Natal, Gauteng and Northern Cape.[152][153][154]

Allegations of misconduct

On 1 June, Jacob Zuma said that the MK was seeking to have the announcement of official results legally halted pending investigations over allegations of vote-rigging raised by the party, with MK officials citing possible tampering of the Independent Electoral Commission's computer system following glitches earlier that day. The IEC said it had received 579 objections from both voters and political parties regarding the election results,[155] and ordered recounts in 24 cases.[149] Police Minister Bheki Cele warned that authorities would not tolerate "threats of instability in order to register objections or concerns about the electoral processes".[156]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Declared ineligible on 21 May 2024. However, he remained on the ballot papers.
  2. ^ Includes abstention and no answer responses
  3. ^ a b c d e f Multi-Party Charter agreement member

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